[...]the time to read or visit the content or sites we have linked to below the[...]…

AMURICA!

Haha.

I know the Magical Mystery Tour posting is the US mone version but not sure about Sgt. Peppers.

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For other uses, see Bong (disambiguation).

A bong with a circular carburation port in the front of the bowl
A bong (also water pipe,”popper bottle”, bubbler, moof) is a filtration device/apparatus generally used for smoking cannabis, tobacco, or other herbal substances.[1][2]

In construction and function a bong is similar to a hookah, except smaller and more portable. A bong may be constructed from any air- and water-tight vessel by adding a bowl and stem apparatus (or slide)[3] which guides air downward to below water level whence it bubbles upward (“bubbler”) during use. To get fresh air into the bong and harvest the last remaining smoke, a hole known as the “carburator”, “carb”, “choke”, “bink”, “rush” “shotty” or simply “hole”, somewhere on the lower part of the bong above water level, is first kept covered during the smoking process, then opened to allow the smoke to be drawn into the respiratory system.

The word bong is an adaptation of the Thai word baung (Thai: บ้อง [bɔːŋ]), which refers to[need tone][4] a cylindrical wooden tube, pipe, or container cut from bamboo, and which also refers to the bong used for smoking.

Bongs have been in use by the Hmong, in Laos and Thailand, and all over Africa for centuries.[5] One of the earliest recorded uses of the word in the West is in the McFarland Thai-English Dictionary, published in 1944, which describes one of the meanings of bong in the Thai language as, “a bamboo waterpipe for smoking kancha, tree, hashish, or the hemp-plant.” A January 1971 issue of the Marijuana Review also used the term.

Contents
[hide] 1 History
2 Use
3 Legality
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links

[edit] History

The use of a water pipe for smoking was introduced in China during the late Ming Dynasty (16th century), along with tobacco,[6] through Persia and the Silk Road. By the Qing Dynasty, it became the most popular method to smoke tobacco, but became less popular since the Republic era. While typically employed by commoners, the water pipe is known to have been preferred by Empress Dowager Cixi over snuff bottles or other methods of intake. According to the Imperial Household Department, she was buried with at least three water pipes; some of her collections can be seen in the Palace Museum.

The water pipe employed since the Qing dynasty can be divided into two types: the homemade bamboo bong commonly made and used by country people, and a more elegant metal version employed by Chinese merchants, urbanites, and nobility. Metal utensils are typically made out of bronze or brass, the nobility version of silver and decorated with jewels. Typically, the metal version is made out of the following components:
The water pipe itself, a single-piece construct consisting of the bowl-stem, the water container, and a drawtube at least 3 inches, but some can be up to 12 inches in length. Some are straight with a “Joint” (Sandblasted top part of stem, usually about 1 inch long, and all the way around, tapered or cone shaped, so the tapered, or “cone shaped” bowl will fit in)some are bent to resemble a crane. The size of the bowl is analogous to a one-hitter, typically the width of a thumbnail or smaller.
The tobacco container with a lid.
A pipe rack small enough to be held by one hand, and consisting of two large holes for the tobacco container and the water pipe. It may have smaller holes to hold various pipe tools.

During a smoking session, the user may keep all equipment inside the rack and just hold the entire assembly (rack, pipe, and container) in one hand, lighting the bowl with a slow-burning paper wick (纸煤) lit over a coal stove. Unlike in North America, the water pipe is typically employed by older generations. [7]

This section requires expansion.

[edit] Use

Diagram of a bong in operation.
The water can trap some heavier particles and water-soluble molecules, preventing them from entering the smoker’s airways.[8] The mechanics of a bong are compared to those of a laboratory gas washing bottle. People put their mouths at the top and out the drug in the tube, as shown in the picture.

Bongs are often either glass or plastic that use a bowl, stem, and water to produce smoke. After the bowl has been packed and water has been inserted into the bong, the substance is lit and the smoke is drawn through water to produce a smoother smoke than other methods of smoking do.[9] To smoke a bong, the smoker must inhale in the bong so bubbles containing smoke begin to come from the stem. Once the bong has a fair amount of smoke built up, the stem is separated from the bong and the remaining smoke will go into the smoker’s lungs.

However, a 2000 NORML-MAPS cannabis study found that “water pipes filter out more psychoactive THC than they do other tars, thereby requiring users to smoke more to reach their desired effect”.[10] In the study, smoke from cannabis supplied by the NIDA was drawn through a number of smoking devices and analyzed. This study looked at the tar to cannabinoid ratio in the gas outputted by various bongs, as well as unfiltered and filtered joints, and vaporizers. The results showed that only vaporizers produced a better tar to cannabinoid ratio than unfiltered joints, but that within the cannabinoids produced, even vaporizers warped the ratio of THC (the psychoactive component of the smoke) to CBN (capable of producing medical benefits but is not psychoactive) in favor of CBN. This showed an unfiltered joint had the best tar to THC ratio of all, and bongs were actually seriously detrimental in this respect.

MAPS[11] also reviewed a study that examined the effects and composition of water-filtered and non-filtered cannabis and tobacco smoke. It found that when alveolar macrophages were exposed to unfiltered smoke, their ability to fight bacteria was reduced, unlike exposure to water-filtered smoke. It also found substantial epidemiological evidence of a lower incidence of carcinoma among tobacco smokers who used water-pipes, as opposed to cigarettes, cigars, and regular pipes. “It appears that water filtration can be effective in removing components from cannabis smoke that are known toxicants… The effectiveness of toxicant removal is related to the smoke’s water contact area.”

Specially designed water pipes, incorporating particulate filters and gas-dispersion frits, would likely be most effective in this regard; the gas-dispersion frit serves to break up the smoke into very fine bubbles, thereby increasing its water-contact area.”[11] These frits are commonly referred to as “diffusers” for the way that they diffuse (or disperse) the smoke as it exits the downstem, and usually consist of small holes or slats at the end of the downstem. This study suggests that a bong’s smoke is less harmful than unfiltered smoke.

[edit] Legality

A variety of bongs for sale, among other merchandise in Manhattan. For legal reasons, the products are labeled as “Tobacco Use Only”
In the United States, under the Federal Drug Paraphernalia Statute, which is part of the Controlled Substances Act, it is illegal to sell, transport through the mail, transport across state lines, import, or export drug paraphernalia.[12]

In countries where marijuana and hashish are illegal, some retailers specify that bongs are intended for use with tobacco in an attempt to circumvent laws against selling drug paraphernalia. While technically ‘bong’ does not mean a device used for smoking mainly marijuana, drug-related connotations have been formed with the word itself (partly due to punning with Sanskrit bhangah “hemp”). Thus for fear of the law many head shops will not serve customers who use the word “bong” or “bongs”.[13]

[edit] See also
Drug paraphernalia
Hookah
One-hitter (smoking)
Operation Pipe Dreams
Thuoc lao
Water pipe percolator

[edit] References

1.^ “Office of National Drug Control Policy”.
2.^ “Contraband: The Sale of Regulated Goods on the Internet”.
3.^ Can a human skull be used as a bong?, retrieved 12 May 2008
4.^ “Thai dictionary entry for baawng”.
5.^ “History of the Bong”.
6.^ “Information on Chinese Water pipe from Hudong (chinese)”.
7.^ “Information on Chinese Water pipe from Baidu (chinese)”.
8.^ “Marijuana Consumption: Smoking, Eating, And Drinking Marijuana”.
9.^ Keliher, Evan (2003). Grandpa’s Marijuana Handbook (2nd ed. ed.). Chula Vista, California: Aventine Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-59330-135-4.
10.^ “MAPS/CaNORML vaporizer and waterpipe studies”.
11.^ a b Nicholas V. Cozzi, Ph.D. Effects of water filtration on marijuana smoke: a literature review
12.^ “DEA Definition of Paraphernalia”.
13.^ “Phoenix New Times: Head Games”.

[edit] Further reading
Erika Dugas, Michèle Tremblay, Nancy C.P. Low, Daniel Cournoyer, Jennifer O’Loughlin: Water-Pipe Smoking Among North American Youths, Pediatrics, Published online May 10, 2010, doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2335 (Full Text free)

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bongs

US Patent number:, Water pipe or bong William V. Erickson et al.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other uses, see Weiner (disambiguation).

Look up Weiner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Look up weiner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Weiner is a surname originating in the German language. The name is related to Wagner and means the same (Wheelwright) in an old variant of the German dialect in Lower Silesia.[1]

In the 18th and 19th centuries some Jews adopted the name (which means “wine merchant” in Yiddish). (see also German family name etymology) The name is common among German Americans